This study evaluated the performance of a PVDF membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating wastewater. The MBR system was conducted under diverse operating conditions to assess its removal efficiency for key pollutants. Findings indicated that the PVDF MBR exhibited remarkable performance in eliminating

Nanobubbles, microscopic spheres of gas encapsulated within a liquid, are emerging as a revolutionary tool with immense potential across diverse fields. These substances, often generated through unique methods, possess remarkable attributes such as increased permeability. This inherent ability makes